I. Introduction
II. Forms of Alport Syndrome
III. Symptoms of Alport Syndrome
IV. Genetic Causes and Diseases
1. Diffuse Leiomyomatosis
2. AMME Complex
3. Damage to the Glomerular Basement Membrane
V. Signs and Symptoms of AS
1. Pathogenic Variant
2. Clinical Stages of Glomerulopathy
3. Symptoms of Renal Function Loss
4. Hearing Loss
5. Eye Abnormalities
6. Other Symptoms
VI. Diagnosis of AS
1. Genetic Testing
2. Skin Samples
3. Kidney Biopsy
4. Alterations to Glomerular Basement Membrane
5. Urinalysis
6. Hearing Loss
7. Eye Abnormalities
8. Prenatal Diagnostics
9. Diagnostics for Kidney Donation
VII. Differential Diagnosis
1. Causes of Hematuria
2. Causes of Hearing Loss and Eye Abnormalities
VIII. Treatment and Symptom Management
1. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition
2. Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
3. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
4. Cyclosporine
5. Newer Drugs on the Horizon
6. Dialysis and Kidney Transplant
7. General Recommendations
IX. Case Study: Alport Syndrome in Two Half-Brothers
X. Summary