I. Introduction
II. Managing Advanced Parkinson’s Disease
1. Motor Fluctuations
2. Dyskinesia
3. Nausea
III. Choice Of Therapy For Dyskinesia In Parkinson’s Disease
1. Patient-related Factors
IV. Psychiatric Comorbidities
1. Cognitive Impairment
IV. Dementia In Parkinson’s Disease V. Pharmacologic Treatment For Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
1. Neuropsychiatic Comorbidities
VI. Non-Pharmacological Therapies In Parkinson’s Disease
1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
2. Cognitive Training
3. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
4. Neuroprotective Therapy
5. Deep Brain Stimulation
6. Neuroablative Therapy
VII. Alternative And Complementary Therapies For PD
1. Tai Chi and Qigong
2. Acupuncture and Moxibustion
3. Massage and Other Manual Therapies
4. Botanical Therapies
5. Dietary Considerations
VIII. Physical And Exercise Therapy IX. Novel Therapies: Agents And Targets
1. Adenosine Receptor Antagonists
2. Glutamate Release Inhibitors
3. Neural Transplants
4. Gene Therapy
X. Future Directions In Parkinson’s Disease
XI. Summary