I. Introduction
II. Overview of National Guidelines
III. Transfusions of Blood and Blood Components
1. Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion
2. Proper Use of RBC Transfusion
3. Transfusion of Other Blood Components
IV. Principles of Pre-Transfusion Testing and Transfusions
1. Donor Requirements
2. Electronic Crossmatching
3. Blood and Blood Component Pre-Testing
V. ABO Inheritance
1. ABO System
2. Rh System
VI. Whole Blood Compatibility
1. Pre-Transfusion Testing
2. Immune Globulins
3. Alternatives to Transfusion
4. Transfusion Technique
5. Observation of the Transfusion Patient
6. Emergency Release of Blood Products
VII. Indications for Blood Transfusions
1. Massive Acute Hemorrhage
2. Chronic Hemorrhage
3. Traumatic Hemolytic Anemia
4. Deficient Erythropoiesis Hypochromic-Microcytic Anemias
5. Macrocytic Anemias
6. Hemolytic Anemias
7. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias
8. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
9. Hereditary Spherocytosis and Elliptocytosis
10. Metabolic Disorders with Hemolytic Anemia
11. Hemoglobinopathies
VIII. Complications of Transfusions
1. Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
2. Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
3. Transfusion-Related Lung Injury
4. Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload
5. Other Transfusion Reactions
6. Massive Transfusion Complications
IX. Risk of Post Transfusion Infection
1. Bacterial Infections
2. Viral Infections
X. Therapeutic Apheresis
1. Cytapheresis
2. Photophoresis
3. Plasma Exchange
XI. Blood Transfusion and Intrauterine Fetal Blood Reactions
1. Rh Disease (Erythroblastosis Fetalis)
2. Post-transfusion Purpura
3. RBC Transfusion and Sepsis
4. Basic Care of Transfusion Reaction
XII. Case Study: Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
XIII. Summary